Beethoven’s observations on this subject were called out by his experiences in securing an education for his nephew Karl, son of his like-named brother, a duty which devolved on him on the death of his brother in the winter of 1815. He loved his nephew almost to idolatry, and hoped that he would honor the name of Beethoven in the future. But there was a frivolous vein in Karl, inherited probably from his mother, who was on easy footing with morality both before and after her husband’s death. She sought with all her might to rid her son of the guardianship of his uncle. Karl was sent to various educational institutions and to these Beethoven sent many letters containing advice and instructions. The nephew grew to be more and more a care, not wholly without fault of the master. His passionate nature led to many quarrels between the two, all of which were followed by periods of extravagant fondness. Karl neglected his studies, led a frivolous life, was fond of billiards and the coffee-houses which were then generally popular, and finally, in the summer of 1826, made an attempt at suicide in the Helenental near Baden, which caused his social ostracism. When he was found he cried out: “I went to the bad because my uncle wanted to better me.”
Beethoven succeeded in persuading Baron von Stutterheim, commander of an infantry regiment at Iglau, to accept him as an aspirant for military office. In later life he became a respected official and man. So Beethoven himself was vouchsafed only an ill regulated education. His dissolute father treated him now harshly, now gently. His mother, who died early, was a silent sufferer, had thoroughly understood her son, and to her his love was devotion itself. He labored unwearyingly at his own intellectual and moral advancement until his death.
It seems difficult to reconcile his almost extravagant estimate of the greatest possible liberty in the development of man with his demands for strict constraint to which he frequently gives expression; but he had recognized that it is necessary to grow out of restraint into liberty. His model as a sensitive and sympathetic educator was his motherly friend, the wife of Court Councillor von Breuning in Bonn, of whom he once said: “She knew how to keep the insects off the blossoms.”
Beethoven’s views on musical education are to be found in the chapters “On Composition” and “On Performing Music.”
149. “Like the State, each man must have his own constitution.”
(Diary, 1815.)
150. “Recommend virtue to your children; that, alone can bring happiness; not wealth,—I speak from experience. It was virtue alone that bore me up in my misery; to her and my art I owe that I did not end my life by self-murder.”
(October 6, 1802, to his brothers Karl and Johann [the so-called
Heiligenstadt Will].)
151. “I know no more sacred duty than to rear and educate a child.”
(January 7, 1820, in a communication to the Court of Appeals in the suit
touching the guardianship of his nephew Karl.)
152. “Nature’s weaknesses are nature’s endowments; reason, the guide, must seek to lead and lessen them.”
(Diary, 1817.)
153. “It is man’s habit to hold his fellow man in esteem because he committed no greater errors.”
(May 6, 1811, to Breitkopf and Hartel, in a letter complaining of faulty
printing in some of his compositions.)
154. “There is nothing more efficient in enforcing obedience upon others than the belief on their part that you are wiser than they...Without tears fathers can not inculcate virtue in their children, or teachers learning and wisdom in their pupils; even the laws, by compelling tears from the citizens, compel them also to strive for justice.”
(Diary, 1815.)
155. “It is only becoming in a youth to combine his duties toward education and advancement with those which he owes to his benefactor and supporter; this I did toward my parents.”
(May 19, 1825, to his nephew Karl.)
156. “You can not honor the memory of your father better than to continue your studies with the greatest zeal, and strive to become an honest and excellent man.”
(To his nephew, 1816-18.)
157. “Let your conduct always be amiable; through art and science the best and noblest of men are bound together and your future vocation will not exclude you.”
(Baden, July 18, 1825, to his nephew, who had decided to become a
merchant.)
158. “It is very true that a drop will hollow a stone; a thousand lovely impressions are obliterated when children are placed in wooden institutions while they might receive from their parents the most soulful impressions which would continue to exert their influence till the latest age.”
(Diary, spring of 1817. Beethoven was dissatisfied with Giannatasio’s
school in which he had placed his nephew. “Karl is a different child
after he has been with me a few hours” (Diary). In 1826, after the
attempt at suicide, Beethoven said to Breuning: “My Karl was in an
institute; educational institutions furnish forth only hot house
plants.”)
159. “Drops of water wear away a stone in time, not by force but by continual falling. Only through tireless industry are the sciences achieved so that one can truthfully say: no day without its line,—nulla dies sine linea.”
(1799, in a sketch for a theoretical handbook for Archduke Rudolph.)
All books are sourced from Project Gutenberg