An Introduction to the Study of Robert Browning's Poetry






Saul.

   1.

 Said Abner, “At last thou art come!  Ere I tell, ere thou speak,
 Kiss my cheek, wish me well!”  Then I wished it, and did kiss his cheek.
 And he, “Since the King, O my friend, for thy countenance sent,
 Neither drunken nor eaten have we; nor until from his tent
 Thou return with the joyful assurance the King liveth yet,
 Shall our lip with the honey be bright, with the water be wet.
 For out of the black mid-tent’s silence, a space of three days,
 Not a sound hath escaped to thy servants, of prayer nor of praise,
 To betoken that Saul and the spirit have ended their strife,
 And that, faint in his triumph, the monarch sinks back upon life.         {10}
   2.

 “Yet now my heart leaps, O beloved!  God’s child with his dew
 On thy gracious gold hair, and those lilies still living and blue
 Just broken to twine round thy harp-strings, as if no wild heat
 Were now raging to torture the desert!”
 
   3.

                                          Then I, as was meet,
 Knelt down to the God of my fathers, and rose on my feet,
 And ran o’er the sand burnt to powder.  The tent was unlooped;
 I pulled up the spear that obstructed, and under I stooped;
 Hands and knees on the slippery grass-patch, all withered and gone,
 That extends to the second enclosure, I groped my way on                  {20}
 Till I felt where the foldskirts fly open.  Then once more I prayed,
 And opened the foldskirts and entered, and was not afraid
 But spoke, “Here is David, thy servant!”  And no voice replied.
 At the first I saw naught but the blackness; but soon I descried
 A something more black than the blackness—the vast, the upright
 Main prop which sustains the pavilion:  and slow into sight
 Grew a figure against it, gigantic and blackest of all.
 Then a sunbeam, that burst through the tent-roof, showed Saul.
   4.

 He stood as erect as that tent-prop, both arms stretched out wide
 On the great cross-support in the centre, that goes to each side;         {30}
 He relaxed not a muscle, but hung there as, caught in his pangs
 And waiting his change, the king serpent all heavily hangs,
 Far away from his kind, in the pine, till deliverance come
 With the spring-time,—so agonized Saul, drear and stark, blind and dumb.
   5.

 Then I tuned my harp,—took off the lilies we twine round its chords
 Lest they snap ‘neath the stress of the noontide—those sunbeams
           like swords!
 And I first played the tune all our sheep know, as, one after one,
 So docile they come to the pen-door till folding be done.
 They are white, and untorn by the bushes, for lo, they have fed
 Where the long grasses stifle the water within the stream’s bed;          {40}
 And now one after one seeks its lodging, as star follows star
 Into eve and the blue far above us,—so blue and so far!
   6.
—Then the tune, for which quails on the cornland will each leave his mate
 To fly after the player; then, what makes the crickets elate
 Till for boldness they fight one another:  and then, what has weight
 To set the quick jerboa a-musing outside his sand house—
 There are none such as he for a wonder, half bird and half mouse!
 God made all the creatures and gave them our love and our fear,
 To give sign, we and they are his children, one family here.
   7.

 Then I played the help-tune of our reapers, their wine-song, when hand    {50}
 Grasps at hand, eye lights eye in good friendship, and great hearts expand
 And grow one in the sense of this world’s life.—And then, the last song
 When the dead man is praised on his journey—“Bear, bear him along
 With his few faults shut up like dead flowerets!  Are balm seeds not here
 To console us?  The land has none left such as he on the bier.
 Oh, would we might keep thee, my brother!”—And then, the glad chant
 Of the marriage,—first go the young maidens, next, she whom we vaunt
 As the beauty, the pride of our dwelling.—And then, the great march
 Wherein man runs to man to assist him and buttress an arch
 Naught can break; who shall harm them, our friends?—Then,
           the chorus intoned                                              {60}
 As the Levites go up to the altar in glory enthroned.
 But I stopped here:  for here in the darkness Saul groaned.
   8.

 And I paused, held my breath in such silence, and listened apart;
 And the tent shook, for mighty Saul shuddered:  and sparkles ‘gan dart
 From the jewels that woke in his turban at once with a start
 All its lordly male-sapphires, and rubies courageous at heart.
 So the head:  but the body still moved not, still hung there erect.
 And I bent once again to my playing, pursued it unchecked,
 As I sang,—
   9.

               “Oh, our manhood’s prime vigor!  No spirit feels waste,
 Not a muscle is stopped in its playing nor sinew unbraced.                {70}
 Oh, the wild joys of living! the leaping from rock up to rock,
 The strong rending of boughs from the fir-tree, the cool silver shock
 Of the plunge in a pool’s living water, the hunt of the bear,
 And the sultriness showing the lion is couched in his lair.
 And the meal, the rich dates yellowed over with gold dust divine,
 And the locust-flesh steeped in the pitcher, the full draught of wine,
 And the sleep in the dried river-channel where bulrushes tell
 That the water was wont to go warbling so softly and well.
 How good is man’s life, the mere living! how fit to employ
 All the heart and the soul and the senses forever in joy!                 {80}
 Hast thou loved the white locks of thy father, whose sword thou didst guard
 When he trusted thee forth with the armies, for glorious reward?
 Didst thou see the thin hands of thy mother, held up as men sung
 The low song of the nearly departed, and hear her faint tongue
 Joining in while it could to the witness, ‘Let one more attest,
 I have lived, seen God’s hand through a lifetime, and all was for best!’ 
 Then they sung through their tears in strong triumph, not much,
           but the rest.
 And thy brothers, the help and the contest, the working whence grew
 Such result as, from seething grape-bundles, the spirit strained true:
 And the friends of thy boyhood—that boyhood of wonder and hope,        {90}
 Present promise and wealth of the future beyond the eye’s scope,—
 Till lo, thou art grown to a monarch; a people is thine;
 And all gifts, which the world offers singly, on one head combine!
 On one head, all the beauty and strength, love and rage (like the throe
 That, a-work in the rock, helps its labor and lets the gold go)
 High ambition and deeds which surpass it, fame crowning them,—all
 Brought to blaze on the head of one creature—King Saul!”
 
   10.

 And lo, with that leap of my spirit,—heart, hand, harp, and voice,
 Each lifting Saul’s name out of sorrow, each bidding rejoice
 Saul’s fame in the light it was made for—as when, dare I say,         {100}
 The Lord’s army, in rapture of service, strains through its array,
 And upsoareth the cherubim-chariot—“Saul!” cried I, and stopped,
 And waited the thing that should follow.  Then Saul, who hung propped
 By the tent’s cross-support in the centre, was struck by his name.
 Have ye seen when Spring’s arrowy summons goes right to the aim,
 And some mountain, the last to withstand her, that held (he alone,
 While the vale laughed in freedom and flowers) on a broad bust of stone
 A year’s snow bound about for a breastplate,—leaves grasp of the sheet?
 Fold on fold all at once it crowds thunderously down to his feet,
 And there fronts you, stark, black, but alive yet, your mountain of old, {110}
 With his rents, the successive bequeathings of ages untold—
 Yea, each harm got in fighting your battles, each furrow and scar
 Of his head thrust ‘twixt you and the tempest—all hail, there they are!
—Now again to be softened with verdure, again hold the nest
 Of the dove, tempt the goat and its young to the green on his crest
 For their food in the ardors of summer.  One long shudder thrilled
 All the tent till the very air tingled, then sank and was stilled
 At the King’s self left standing before me, released and aware.
 What was gone, what remained?  All to traverse ‘twixt hope and despair.
 Death was past, life not come:  so he waited.  Awhile his right hand     {120}
 Held the brow, helped the eyes, left too vacant, forthwith to remand
 To their place what new objects should enter:  ‘twas Saul as before.
 I looked up and dared gaze at those eyes, nor was hurt any more
 Than by slow pallid sunsets in autumn, ye watch from the shore,
 At their sad level gaze o’er the ocean—a sun’s slow decline
 Over hills which, resolved in stern silence, o’erlap and intwine
 Base with base to knit strength more intensely:  so, arm folded arm
 O’er the chest whose slow heavings subsided.
   11.

                                               What spell or what charm
 (For, a while there was trouble within me), what next should I urge
 To sustain him where song had restored him?—Song filled to the verge  {130}
 His cup with the wine of this life, pressing all that it yields
 Of mere fruitage, the strength and the beauty:  beyond, on what fields,
 Glean a vintage more potent and perfect to brighten the eye
 And bring blood to the lip, and commend them the cup they put by?
 He saith, “It is good”; still he drinks not:  he lets me praise life,
 Gives assent, yet would die for his own part.
   12.

                                                Then fancies grew rife
 Which had come long ago on the pasture, when round me the sheep
 Fed in silence—above, the one eagle wheeled slow as in sleep;
 And I lay in my hollow and mused on the world that might lie
 ‘Neath his ken, though I saw but the strip ‘twixt the hill and the sky.  {140}
 And I laughed—“Since my days are ordained to be passed with my flocks,
 Let me people at least, with my fancies, the plains and the rocks,
 Dream the life I am never to mix with, and image the show
 Of mankind as they live in those fashions I hardly shall know!
 Schemes of life, its best rules and right uses, the courage that gains,
 And the prudence that keeps what men strive for.”  And now these old trains
 Of vague thought came again; I grew surer; so, once more the string
 Of my harp made response to my spirit, as thus—
   13.

                                                    “Yea, my King,”
  I began—“thou dost well in rejecting mere comforts that spring
 From the mere mortal life held in common by man and by brute:            {150}
 In our flesh grows the branch of this life, in our soul it bears fruit.
 Thou hast marked the slow rise of the tree,—how its stem trembled first
 Till it passed the kid’s lip, the stag’s antler; then safely outburst
 The fan-branches all round; and thou mindest when these too, in turn
 Broke a-bloom and the palm-tree seemed perfect:  yet more was to learn,
 E’en the good that comes in with the palm-fruit.  Our dates shall we slight,
 When their juice brings a cure for all sorrow? or care for the plight
 Of the palm’s self whose slow growth produced them?  Not so! stem and branch
 Shall decay, nor be known in their place, while the palm-wine shall stanch
 Every wound of man’s spirit in winter.  I pour thee such wine.           {160}
 Leave the flesh to the fate it was fit for! the spirit be thine!
 By the spirit, when age shall o’ercome thee, thou still shalt enjoy
 More indeed, than at first when, inconscious, the life of a boy.
 Crush that life, and behold its wine running!  Each deed thou hast done
 Dies, revives, goes to work in the world; until e’en as the sun
 Looking down on the earth, though clouds spoil him, though tempests efface,
 Can find nothing his own deed produced not, must everywhere trace
 The results of his past summer-prime,—so, each ray of thy will,
 Every flash of thy passion and prowess, long over, shall thrill
 Thy whole people, the countless, with ardor, till they too give forth    {170}
 A like cheer to their sons:  who in turn, fill the South and the North
 With the radiance thy deed was the germ of.  Carouse in the past!
 But the license of age has its limit; thou diest at last.
 As the lion when age dims his eyeball, the rose at her height,
 So with man—so his power and his beauty forever take flight.
 No!  Again a long draught of my soul-wine!  Look forth o’er the years!
 Thou hast done now with eyes for the actual; begin with the seer’s!
 Is Saul dead?  In the depth of the vale make his tomb—bid arise
 A gray mountain of marble heaped four-square, till, built to the skies,
 Let it mark where the great First King slumbers:  whose fame would ye know?
 Up above see the rock’s naked face, where the record shall go            {181}
 In great characters cut by the scribe,—Such was Saul, so he did;
 With the sages directing the work, by the populace chid,—
 For not half, they’ll affirm, is comprised there!  Which fault to amend,
 In the grove with his kind grows the cedar, whereon they shall spend
 (See, in tablets ‘tis level before them) their praise, and record
 With the gold of the graver, Saul’s story,—the statesman’s great word
 Side by side with the poet’s sweet comment.  The river’s a-wave
 With smooth paper-reeds grazing each other when prophet-winds rave:
 So the pen gives unborn generations their due and their part             {190}
 In thy being!  Then, first of the mighty, thank God that thou art!”
 
   14.

 And behold while I sang. . .but O Thou who didst grant me, that day,
 And, before it, not seldom hast granted thy help to essay,
 Carry on and complete an adventure,—my shield and my sword
 In that act where my soul was thy servant, thy word was my word,—
 Still be with me, who then at the summit of human endeavor
 And scaling the highest, man’s thought could, gazed hopeless as ever
 On the new stretch of heaven above me—till, mighty to save,
 Just one lift of thy hand cleared that distance—God’s throne from
           man’s grave!
 Let me tell out my tale to its ending—my voice to my heart            {200}
 Which can scarce dare believe in what marvels last night I took part,
 As this morning I gather the fragments, alone with my sheep!
 And still fear lest the terrible glory evanish like sleep,
 For I wake in the gray dewy covert, while Hebron upheaves
 The dawn struggling with night on his shoulder, and Kidron retrieves
 Slow the damage of yesterday’s sunshine.
   15.

                                           I say then,—my song
 While I sang thus, assuring the monarch, and, ever more strong,
 Made a proffer of good to console him—he slowly resumed
 His old motions and habitudes kingly.  The right hand replumed
 His black locks to their wonted composure, adjusted the swathes          {210}
 Of his turban, and see—the huge sweat that his countenance bathes,
 He wipes off with the robe; and he girds now his loins as of yore,
 And feels slow for the armlets of price, with the clasp set before.
 He is Saul, ye remember in glory,—ere error had bent
 The broad brow from the daily communion; and still, though much spent
 Be the life and the bearing that front you, the same, God did choose,
 To receive what a man may waste, desecrate, never quite lose.
 So sank he along by the tent-prop, till, stayed by the pile
 Of his armor and war-cloak and garments, he leaned there awhile,
 And sat out my singing,—one arm round the tent-prop, to raise         {220}
 His bent head, and the other hung slack—till I touched on the praise
 I foresaw from all men in all time, to the man patient there;
 And thus ended, the harp falling forward.  Then first I was ‘ware
 That he sat, as I say, with my head just above his vast knees
 Which were thrust out on each side around me, like oak-roots which please
 To encircle a lamb when it slumbers.  I looked up to know
 If the best I could do had brought solace:  he spoke not, but slow
 Lifted up the hand slack at his side, till he laid it with care
 Soft and grave, but in mild settled will, on my brow:  through my hair
 The large fingers were pushed, and he bent back my head, with kind power—
 All my face back, intent to peruse it, as men do a flower.               {231}
 Thus held he me there with his great eyes that scrutinized mine—
 And oh, all my heart how it loved him! but where was the sign?
 I yearned—“Could I help thee, my father, inventing a bliss,
 I would add, to that life of the past, both the future and this;
 I would give thee new life altogether, as good, ages hence,
 As this moment,—had love but the warrant, love’s heart to dispense!”
 
   16.

 Then the truth came upon me.  No harp more—no song more! outbroke—
   17.

 “I have gone the whole round of creation:  I saw and I spoke;
 I, a work of God’s hand for that purpose, received in my brain           {240}
 And pronounced on the rest of his handwork—returned him again
 His creation’s approval or censure:  I spoke as I saw.
 I report, as a man may of God’s work—all’s love, yet all’s law.
 Now I lay down the judgeship he lent me.  Each faculty tasked
 To perceive him, has gained an abyss, where a dewdrop was asked.
 Have I knowledge? confounded it shrivels at Wisdom laid bare.
 Have I forethought? how purblind, how blank, to the Infinite Care!
 Do I task any faculty highest, to image success?
 I but open my eyes,—and perfection, no more and no less,
 In the kind I imagined, full-fronts me, and God is seen God              {250}
 In the star, in the stone, in the flesh, in the soul and the clod.
 And thus looking within and around me, I ever renew
 (With that stoop of the soul which in bending upraises it too)
 The submission of man’s nothing-perfect to God’s all-complete,
 As by each new obeisance in spirit, I climb to his feet.
 Yet with all this abounding experience, this deity known,
 I shall dare to discover some province, some gift of my own.
 There’s a faculty pleasant to exercise, hard to hoodwink,
 I am fain to keep still in abeyance (I laugh as I think),
 Lest, insisting to claim and parade in it, wot ye, I worst               {260}
 E’en the Giver in one gift.—Behold, I could love if I durst!
 But I sink the pretension as fearing a man may o’ertake
 God’s own speed in the one way of love:  I abstain for love’s sake.
—What, my soul? see thus far and no farther? when doors great and small,
 Nine-and-ninety flew ope at our touch, should the hundredth appal?
 In the least things have faith, yet distrust in the greatest of all?
 Do I find love so full in my nature, God’s ultimate gift,
 That I doubt his own love can compete with it?  Here the parts shift?
 Here, the creature surpass the creator,—the end, what began?
 Would I fain in my impotent yearning do all for this man,                {270}
 And dare doubt he alone shall not help him, who yet alone can?
 Would it ever have entered my mind, the bare will, much less power,
 To bestow on this Saul what I sang of, the marvellous dower
 Of the life he was gifted and filled with? to make such a soul,
 Such a body, and then such an earth for insphering the whole?
 And doth it not enter my mind (as my warm tears attest)
 These good things being given, to go on, and give one more, the best?
 Ay, to save and redeem and restore him, maintain at the height
 This perfection,—succeed, with life’s dayspring, death’s minute of night?
 Interpose at the difficult minute, snatch Saul, the mistake,             {280}
 Saul, the failure, the ruin he seems now,—and bid him awake
 From the dream, the probation, the prelude, to find himself set
 Clear and safe in new light and new life,—a new harmony yet
 To be run and continued, and ended—who knows?—or endure!
 The man taught enough by life’s dream, of the rest to make sure;
 By the pain-throb, triumphantly winning intensified bliss,
 And the next world’s reward and repose, by the struggles in this.
   18.

 “I believe it!  ‘Tis thou, God, that givest, ‘tis I who receive:
 In the first is the last, in thy will is my power to believe.
 All’s one gift:  thou canst grant it moreover, as prompt to my prayer,  {290}
 As I breathe out this breath, as I open these arms to the air.
 From thy will, stream the worlds, life and nature, thy dread Sabaoth:
 I will?—the mere atoms despise me!  Why am I not loth
 To look that, even that in the face too?  Why is it I dare
 Think but lightly of such impuissance?  What stops my despair?
 This;—‘tis not what man Does which exalts him, but what man Would do!
 See the King—I would help him, but cannot, the wishes fall through.
 Could I wrestle to raise him from sorrow, grow poor to enrich,
 To fill up his life, starve my own out, I would—knowing which,
 I know that my service is perfect.  Oh, speak through me now!            {300}
 Would I suffer for him that I love?  So wouldst thou—so wilt thou!
 So shall crown thee the topmost, ineffablest, uttermost crown—
 And thy love fill infinitude wholly, nor leave up nor down
 One spot for the creature to stand in!  It is by no breath,
 Turn of eye, wave of hand, that salvation joins issue with death!
 As thy love is discovered almighty, almighty be proved
 Thy power, that exists with and for it, of being beloved!
 He who did most, shall bear most; the strongest shall stand the most weak.
 ‘Tis the weakness in strength, that I cry for! my flesh, that I seek
 In the Godhead!  I seek and I find it.  O Saul, it shall be              {310}
 A Face like my face that receives thee; a Man like to me,
 Thou shalt love and be loved by, forever:  a Hand like this hand
 Shall throw open the gates of new life to thee!  See the Christ stand!”
 
   19.

 I know not too well how I found my way home in the night.
 There were witnesses, cohorts about me, to left and to right,
 Angels, powers, the unuttered, unseen, the alive, the aware:
 I repressed, I got through them as hardly, as strugglingly there,
 As a runner beset by the populace famished for news—
 Life or death.  The whole earth was awakened, hell loosed with her crews;
 And the stars of night beat with emotion, and tingled and shot           {320}
 Out in fire the strong pain of pent knowledge:  but I fainted not,
 For the Hand still impelled me at once and supported, suppressed
 All the tumult, and quenched it with quiet, and holy behest,
 Till the rapture was shut in itself, and the earth sank to rest.
 Anon at the dawn, all that trouble had withered from earth—
 Not so much, but I saw it die out in the day’s tender birth;
 In the gathered intensity brought to the gray of the hills;
 In the shuddering forests’ held breath; in the sudden wind-thrills;
 In the startled wild beasts that bore oft, each with eye sidling still
 Though averted with wonder and dread; in the birds stiff and chill       {330}
 That rose heavily as I approached them, made stupid with awe:
 E’en the serpent that slid away silent—he felt the new law.
 The same stared in the white humid faces upturned by the flowers;
 The same worked in the heart of the cedar and moved the vine-bowers:
 And the little brooks witnessing murmured, persistent and low,
 With their obstinate, all but hushed voices—“E’en so, it is so!”
 

— 320 et seq.: see note to St. 37, 38, of ‘By the Fireside’.

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