ACHILLES, 76
Act of the city, what, 69
Actions, their original spring, i
Administration, 76;
whether to be shared by the whole community, 203
AEsumnetes, 96
AEthiopia, in what manner the power of the state is there regulated, 112
Alterations in government, whence they arise, 142;
what they are, 143
Ambractia, the government of, changed, 151
Andromadas Reginus, a lawgiver to the Thracian Calcidians, 65
Animals, their different provisions by nature, 14;
intended by nature for the benefit of man, 14;
what constitutes their different species, 113
Animals, tame, why better than wild, 8
Arbitrator and judge, their difference, 49
Architas his rattle, 248
Areopagus, senate of, 63
Argonauts refuse to take Hercules with them, 93
Aristocracies, causes of commotions in them, 157;
chief cause of their alteration, 158;
may degenerate into an oligarchy, 79
Aristocracy, what, 78;
treated of, 120;
its object, 121
Art, works of, which most excellent, 20
Artificers and slaves, their difference, 24
Assemblies, public, advantageous to a democracy, 134
Assembly, public, its proper business, 133
Athens, different dispositions of the citizens of, 149
Barter, its original, 15
Being, what the nature of every one is, 3
Beings, why some command, others obey, 2
Body by nature to be governed, 8;
requires our care before the soul, 232
Calchis, the government of, changed, 151
Calcidians, 65
Carthaginian government described, 60
Census in a free state should be as extensive as possible, 131;
how to be altered, 162
Charondas supposed to be the scholar of Zaleucus, 64
Child, how to be managed when first born, 235;
should be taught nothing till he is five years old, 235;
how then to be educated, 236
Children, the proper government of, 22;
what their proper virtues, 23;
what they are usually taught, 240
Cities, how governed at first, 3;
what, 3;
the work of nature, 3;
prior in contemplation to a family, or an individual, 4
Citizen, who is one? 66, 68;
should know both how to command and obey, 73
Citizens must have some things in common, 26;
should be exempted from servile labour, 51;
privileges different in different governments, 68;
if illegally made, whether illegal, 69;
who admitted to be, 75;
in the best states ought not to follow merchandise, 216
City, may be too much one, 27, 35;
what, 66, 82;
when it continues the same, 70;
for whose sake established, 76;
its end, 83;
of what parts made up, 113;
best composed of equals, 126
City of the best form, what its establishment ought to be, 149;
wherein its greatness consists, 149;
may be either too large or too small, 209;
what should be its situation, 211;
whether proper near the sea, 211;
ought to be divided by families into different sorts of men, 218
City and confederacy, their difference, 37;
wherein it should be one, 27
Command amongst equals should be in rotation, 101
Common meals not well established at Lacedaemon-well at Crete, 56;
the model from whence the Lacedaemonian was taken, 56;
inferior to it in some respects, 56
Community, its recommendations deceitful, 34;
into what people it may be divided, 194
Community of children, 29, 30;
inconveniences attending it, 31
Community of goods, its inconveniences, 28;
destructive of modesty and liberality, 34
Community of wives, its inconveniences, 27
Contempt a cause of sedition, 146
Courage of a man different from a woman's, 74
Courts, how many there ought to be, 140
Courts of justice should be few in a small state, 192
Cretan customs similar to the Lacedasmonian, 57;
assembly open to every citizen, 58
Cretans, their power, 58;
their public meals, how conducted 58
Crete, the government of, 57;
description of the island of 57
Customs at Carthage, Lacedaemon, and amongst the Scythians and
Iberians, concerning those who had killed an enemy, 204, 205
Dadalus's statues, 6.
Delphos, an account of a sedition there, 150
Demagogues, their influence in a democracy, 116.
Democracies, arose out of tyrannies, 100;
whence they arose, 142;
when changed into tyrannies, 153;
their different sorts, 184, 188;
general rules for their establishment, 185;
should not be made too perfect, 191
Democracy, what, 79, 80;
its definition, 112, 113;
different sorts of, 115, 118;
its object, 122;
how subverted in the Isle of Cos, 152
Democracy and aristocracy, how they may be blended together, 163
Democratical state, its foundation, 184
Despotic power absurd, 205
Dion, his noble resolution, 171
Dionysius, his taxes, 175
Dissolution of kingdoms and tyrannies, 169
Domestic employments of men and women different, 74
Domestic government, its object, 77
Domestic society the first, 3
Draco, 65
Dyrrachium, government of, 101
Economy and money-getting, difference, 17
Education necessary for the happiness of the city, 90;
of all things most necessary to preserve the state, 166;
what it ought to be, 166;
the objects of it, 228, 229;
should be taken care of by the magistrate, and correspond to
the nature of government, 238;
should be a common care, and regulated by laws, 238
Employment, one to be allotted to one person in an extensive government, 136
Employments in the state, how to be disposed of, 88-90;
whether all should be open to all, 216
Ephialtes abridges the power of the senate of Areopagus, 63
Ephori, at Sparta, their power too great, 54;
improperly chosen, 54;
flattered by their kings, 54;
the supreme judges, 55;
manner of life too indulgent, 55
Epidamnus, an account of a revolution there, 150
Equality, how twofold, 143;
in a democracy, how to be procured, 186
Euripides quoted, 72
Family government, of what it consists, 5
Father should not be too young, 232
Females and slaves, wherein they differ, 2;
why upon a level amongst barbarians, 3
Forfeitures, how to be applied, 192
Fortune improper pretension for power, 91
Freemen in general, what power they ought to have, 86
Free state treated of, 121;
how it arises out of a democracy and oligarchy, 122, 123
Friendship weakened by a community of children, 31
General, the office of, how to be disposed of, 98
Gods, why supposed subject to kingly government, 3
Good, relative to man, how divided, 201
Good and evil, the perception of, necessary to form a family and a city, 4
Good fortune something different from happiness, 202
Government should continue as much as possible in the same hands, 28;
in what manner it should be in rotation, 28;
what, 66;
which best, of a good man or good laws, 98;
good, to what it should owe its preservation, 124;
what the best, 225
Government of the master over the slave sometimes reciprocally useful, ii
Governments, how different from each other, 67;
whether more than one form should be established, 76;
should endeavour to prevent others from being too powerful—
instances of it, 93;
how compared to music, in;
in general, to what they owe their preservation, 160
Governments, political, regal, family, and servile, their difference
from each other, i
Governors and governed, whether their virtues are the same or different, 23;
whether they should be the same persons or different, 227
Grecians, their superiority over other people, 213
Guards of a king natives, 96,168;
of a tyrant foreigners, 96, 168
Gymnastic exercises, when to be performed, 223;
how far they should be made a part of education, 242, 243
Happiness, wherein it consists, 207
Happy life, where most likely to be found, 202
Harmony, whether all kinds of it are to be used in education, 251
Helots troublesome to the Lacedaemonians, 87
Herdsmen compose the second-best democracy, 189
Hippodamus, an account of, 46;
his plan of government, 46, 47:
objected to, 47, 48
Homer quoted, 95, 116
Honours, an inequality of, occasions seditions, 44
Horse most suitable to an oligarchy, 195
Houses, private, their best form, 221
Human flesh devoured by some nations, 242
Husbandmen compose the best democracy, 189;
will choose to govern according to law, 118
Husbandry, art of, whether part of money-getting, 13
Instruments, their difference from each other, 6;
wherein they differ from possessions, 6
Italy, its ancient boundary, 218
Jason's declaration, 72
Judge should not act as an arbitrator, 48, 49;
which is best for an individual, or the people in general, 98, 99
Judges, many better than one, 102;
of whom to consist, 102;
how many different sorts are necessary, 141
Judicial part of government, how to be divided, 140
Jurymen, particular powers sometimes appointed to that office, 68
Justice, what, 88;
the course of, impeded in Crete, 59;
different in different situations, 74
King, from whom to be chosen 60;
the guardian of his people 168
King's children, what to be done with, 100
King's power, what it should be 100;
when unequal, 143
Kingdom, what, 78
Kingdoms, their object, 167;
how bestowed, 168;
causes of their dissolution, 173;
how preserved, 173
Kingly government in the heroic times, what, 96
Kingly power regulated by the laws at Sparta in peace, 95;
absolute in war, 95
Kings formerly in Crete, 58;
their power afterwards devolved to the kosmoi, 58;
method of electing them at Carthage, 60
Knowledge of the master and slave different from each other, ii
Kosmoi, the power of, 58;
their number, 58;
wherein inferior to the ephori, 58;
allowed to resign their office before their time is elapsed, 59
Lacedamonian customs similar to the Cretan, 57
Lacedaemonian government much esteemed, 41;
the faults of it, 53-56;
calculated only for war, 56;
how composed of a democracy and oligarchy, 124
Lacedaemonian revenue badly raised, 56, 57
Lacedaemonians, wherein they admit things to be common, 33
Land should be divided into two parts, 219
Law makes one man a slave, another free, 6;
whether just or not, 9;
at Thebes respecting tradesmen, 75;
nothing should be done contrary to it, 160
Law and government, their difference, 107, 108
Laws, when advantageous
to alter them, 49,50, 52;
of every state will be like the state, 88;
whom they should be calculated for, 92;
decide better than men, 101;
moral preferable to written, 102;
must sometimes bend to ancient customs, 117;
should be framed to the state, 107;
the same suit not all governments, 108
Legislator ought to know not only what is best, but what is practical, n
Legislators should fix a proper medium in property, 46
Liberty, wherein it partly consists, 184, 185
Life, happy, owing to a course of virtue, 125;
how divided, 228
Locrians forbid men to sell their property, 43
Lycophron's account of law, 82
Lycurgus gave over reducing the women to obedience, 53;
made it infamous for any one to sell his possessions, 53;
some of his laws censured, 54;
spent much time at Crete, 57;
supposed to be the scholar of Thales, 64
Lysander wanted to abolish the kingly power in Sparta, 143
Magistrate, to whom that name is properly given, 136
Magistrates, when they make the state incline to an oligarchy, 61;
when to an aristocracy, 61;
at Athens, from whom to be chosen, 64;
to determine those causes which the law cannot be applied to, 88;
whether their power is to be the same, or different
in different communities, 137;
how they differ from each other, 138;
in those who appoint them, 138;
should be continued but a short time in democracies, 161;
how to be chosen in a democracy, 185;
different sorts and employments, 196
Making and using, their difference, 6
Malienses, their form of government, 131
Man proved to be a political animal, 4;
has alone a perception of good and evil, 4;
without law and justice the worst of beings, 5
Master, power of, whence it arises, as some think, 5
Matrimony, when to be engaged in, 232
Meals, common, established in Crete and Italy, 218;
expense of, should be defrayed by the whole state, 219
Mechanic employments useful for citizens, 73
Mechanics, whether they should be allowed to be citizens, 74, 75;
cannot acquire the practice of virtue, 75;
admitted to be citizens in an oligarchy, 75
Medium of circumstances best, 126
Members of the community, their different pretences to the employments
of the state, 90;
what natural dispositions they ought to be of, 213
Men, some distinguished by nature for governors, others to be governed, 7;
their different modes of living, 13;
worthy three ways, 226
Merchandise, three different ways of carrying it on, 20
Middle rank of men make the best citizens, 127;
most conducive to the preservation of the state, 128;
should be particularly attended to by the legislators, 130
Military, how divided, 194
Mitylene, an account of a dispute there, 150
Monarch, absolute, 100
Monarchies, their nature, 95, 96;
sometimes elective, 95;
sometimes hereditary, 95;
whence they sometimes arise, 146;
causes of corruption in them, 167;
how preserved, 173
Money, how it made its way into commerce, 16;
first weighed, 16;
afterwards stamped, 16;
its value dependent on agreement, 16;
how gained by exchange, 19
Money—getting considered at large, 17, 18
Monopolising gainful, 21; sometimes practised by cities, 21
Monopoly of iron in Sicily, a remarkable instance of the profit of it, 21
Music, how many species of it, in;
why a part of education, 240;
how far it should be taught, 242, 243;
professors of it considered as mean people, 244;
imitates the disposition of the mind, 246;
improves our manners, 246;
Lydian, softens the mind, 247;
pieces of, difficult in their execution, not to be taught to children, 249
Nature requires equality amongst equals, 101
Naval power should be regulated by the strength of the city, 212
Necessary parts of a city, what, 215
Nobles, the difference between them, no;
should take care of the poor, 193
Oath, an improper one in an oligarchy, 166
Officers of state, who they ought to be, 135;
how long to continue, 135;
who to choose them, 136
Offices, distinction between them, 67;
when subversive of the rights of the people, 130
Offspring, an instance of the likeness of, to the sire, 30
Oligarchies arise where the strength of the state consists in horse, no;
whence they arose, 142
Oligarchy admits not hired servants to be citizens, 75;
its object, 79;
what, 79, 81;
its definition, 112;
different sorts of, 117, 119;
its object, 122;
how it ought to be founded, 195
Onomacritus supposed to have drawn up laws, 64
Ostracism, why established, 93, 146;
its power, 93;
a weapon in the hand of sedition, 94
Painting, why it should be made a part of education, 241
Particulars, five, in which the rights of the people will be undermined, 130
Pausanias wanted to abolish the ephori, 143
People, how they should be made one, 35;
of Athens assume upon their victory over the Medes, 64;
what best to submit to a kingly government, 104;
to an aristocratic, 104;
to a free state, 104;
should be allowed the power of pardoning, not of condemning, 135
Periander's advice to Thrasy-bulus, 93, 169
Pericles introduces the paying of those who attended the court of justice, 64
Philolaus, a Theban legislator, quits his native country, 64
Phocea, an account of a dispute there, 150
Physician, his business, 86
Physicians, their mode of practice in Egypt, 98;
when ill consult others, 102
Pittacus, 65
Plato censured, 180
Poor excused from bearing arms and from gymnastic exercises in
an oligarchy, 131;
paid for attending the public assemblies in a democracy, 131
Power of the master, its object, 77
Power, supreme, where it ought to be lodged, 84;
why with the many, 85, 87
Powers of a state, different methods of delegating them to the citizens,
132-134
Preadvisers, court of, 135
Priesthood, to whom to be allotted, 217
Prisoners of war, whether they may be justly made slaves, 9
Private property not regulated the source of sedition, 42;
Phaleas would have it equal, 42;
how Phaleas would correct the irregularities of it, 43;
Plato would allow a certain difference in it, 43
Property, its nature, 12;
how it should be regulated, 32, 33;
the advantages of having it private, 34;
what quantity the public ought to have, 44;
ought not to be common, 219
Public assemblies, when subversive of the liberties of the people, 130
Public money, how to be divided, 193
Qualifications necessary for those who are to fill the first departments
in government, 164
Quality of a city, what meant by it, 129
Quantity, 129
Rest and peace the proper objects of the legislator, 230
Revolutions in a democracy, whence they arise, 152;
in an oligarchy, 156
Rich fined in an oligarchy for not bearing arms and attending the
gymnastic exercises, 131;
receive nothing for attending the public assemblies in a democracy, 131
Rights of a citizen, whether advantageous or not, 203
Seditions sometimes prevented by equality, 45;
their causes, 144-146;
how to be prevented, 163
Senate suits a democracy, 185
Shepherds compose the second-best democracy, 189
Slave, his nature and use, 6;
a chattel, 7;
by law, how, 9
Slavery not founded in nature but law, as some think, 6
Slaves, an inquiry into the virtues they are capable of, 23;
difficult to manage properly, 51;
their different sorts, 73
Society necessary to man, 77
Society, civil, the greatest blessing to man, 4;
different from a commercial intercourse, 82
Socrates, his mistakes on government, Book II. passim;
his division of the inhabitants, 38;
would have the women go to war, 38;
Aristotle's opinion of his discourses, 38;
his city would require a country of immeasurable extent, 39;
his comparison of the human species to different kinds of metals, 40;
his account of the different orders of men in a city imperfect, 3
Sojourners, their situation, 66
Solon's opinion of riches, 14;
law for restraining property, 43;
alters the Athenian government, 63
Soul by nature the governor over the body, and in what manner, 8;
of man how divided, 228, 231
Speech a proof that man was formed for society, 4
State, each, consists of a great number of parts, 109;
its disproportionate increase the cause of revolutions, 147;
firm, what, 159
Stealing, how to be prevented, 44
Submission to government, when it is slavery, 206
Supreme power should be ultimately vested in the laws, 101
Syracuse, the government of, languid, 151
Temperance in a man different from a woman, 74
Temples, how to be built, 223
Thales, his contrivance to get money, 21;
supposed to be the companion of Onomacritus, 64
Things necessary to be known for the management of domestic affairs, 19, 20;
necessary in the position of a city, 220
Tribunals, what different things they should have under their
jurisdictions, 137
Tyrannies, how established, 168;
how preserved, 174, 176;
of short duration, 180;
instances thereof, 180
Tyranny, what, 79;
not natural, 103;
whence it arises, 108;
treated of, 124;
contains all that is bad in all governments, 125
Tyrant, from whom usually chosen, 167;
his object, 168;
his guards, 168
Tyrants, many of them originally enjoyed only kingly power, 168;
the causes of their being conspired against, 169, 170;
always love the worst of men, 175
Uses of possessions, two, 15
Usury detested, 19
Venality to be guarded against, IDS
Village, what, 3
Virtue of a citizen has reference to the state, 71;
different in different governments, 71
Virtues different in different persons, 23, 24;
whether the same constitute a good man and a valuable citizen, 71
Walls necessary for a city, 222
War, what is gained by it in some degree a natural acquisition, 14;
not a final end, 205, 229
Wife, the proper government of, 22
Women, what their proper virtue, 23;
not to be indulged in improper liberties, 52;
had great influence at Lacedaemon, 52;
of great disservice to the Lacedemonians, 52;
why indulged by them, 53;
their proper time of marrying, 233;
how to be managed when with child, 234
Zaleucus, legislator of the Western Locrians, 64;
supposed to be the scholar of Thales, 64
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